Contents 6 5.3 Track Circuits ......................................................................................................128 5.3.1 Basic Structure of Track Circuits ...........................................................................128 5.3.2 Geometrical Assembly of Track Circuits ................................................................130 5.3.3 Treatment of Traction Return Currents...................................................................132 5.3.4 Additional Functions of Track Circuits....................................................................135 5.3.5 Immunity against Foreign Currents........................................................................135 5.3.6 Electrical Parameters and Dimensioning................................................................136 5.3.7 Application of the Types of Track Circuits ..............................................................139 5.4 Axle Counters .....................................................................................................143 5.4.1 General Structure and Functioning........................................................................143 5.4.2 The Rail Contact ...................................................................................................145 5.4.3 Treatment of Counting Errors ................................................................................146 5.5 Comparison of Track Circuits and Axle Counters .............................................147 5.5.1 Advantages and Disadvantages............................................................................147 5.5.2 Application............................................................................................................147 6 Movable Track Elements................................................................................149 6.1 Kinds of Movable Track Elements and their Geometry ....................................149 6.1.1 Overview...............................................................................................................149 6.1.2 Simple Points........................................................................................................149 6.1.3 Other Solutions for Connection of Tracks ..............................................................152 6.1.4 Arrangements of Several Movable Track Elements ................................................153 6.1.5 Derailing Devices ..................................................................................................155 6.2 Safety Requirements at Movable Track Elements ............................................156 6.3 Track Clear Detection at Points and Crossings ................................................156 6.4 Point Machines ...................................................................................................157 6.4.1 Overview...............................................................................................................157 6.4.2 Electric Point Machines.........................................................................................159 6.4.3 Supervision of Point Position on the Example of SP-6...........................................161 6.5 Point Locking Mechanisms................................................................................163 6.5.1 External Locking Mechanism: Clamp Lock............................................................163 6.5.2 Internal Locking Mechanism .................................................................................164
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