Contents 8 8 Train Protection................................................................................................208 8.1 Requirements, Classification and Conditions for Application..........................208 8.1.1 General Overview..................................................................................................208 8.1.2 Cab Signalling Functions.......................................................................................208 8.1.3 Supervision Functions...........................................................................................209 8.1.4 Intervention Functions...........................................................................................211 8.1.5 Role in the Railway Operation Process..................................................................212 8.1.6 Automation of Train Operation...............................................................................212 8.2 Technical Solutions for Data Transmission........................................................213 8.2.1 Overview over Forms of Transmission ...................................................................213 8.2.2 Spot Transmission ................................................................................................214 8.2.3 Linear Transmission ..............................................................................................216 8.3 Particular Systems..............................................................................................219 8.3.1 Classification of Systems ......................................................................................219 8.3.2 Group 1: Systems with Intermittent Transmission and without Braking Supervision ...219 8.3.3 Group 2: Systems with Intermittent Transmission at Low Data Volume and with Braking Supervision................................................................................223 8.3.4 Group 3: Systems with Continuous Transmission of Signal Aspects by Coded Track Circuits........................................................................................227 8.3.5 Group 4: Systems with Intermittent Transmission at High Data Volume and Dynamic Speed Supervision ..........................................................................235 8.3.6 Group 5: Systems with Continuous Transmission at High Data Volume and Dynamic Speed Supervision .........................................................................238 8.4 ETCS ...................................................................................................................240 8.4.1 History + Motivation ..............................................................................................240 8.4.2 Application Levels and Technical Components......................................................242 8.4.3 Functional Concepts.............................................................................................245 8.4.4 Operation Modes..................................................................................................249 8.4.5 Data Structure ......................................................................................................251 9 Interlocking Machines ....................................................................................252 9.1 Classification ......................................................................................................252 9.2 Mechanical Interlocking .....................................................................................253 9.2.1 Historical Development .........................................................................................253 9.2.2 System Safety in Mechanical Interlocking..............................................................253
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