Contents 10 10.4 Centralised Systems for Safety on Open Lines.................................................321 10.4.1 Overview...............................................................................................................321 10.4.2 Centralised Block Systems for Secondary Lines....................................................323 10.4.3 Radio Electronic Token Block................................................................................323 10.4.4 Open Line Controlled from Neighbouring Interlockings..........................................324 10.4.5 Train Control Systems for High Speed Lines..........................................................325 10.5 Moving Block Systems.......................................................................................326 11 Remote Control and Operation Technology..............................................328 11.1 Remote Control and Monitoring ........................................................................328 11.1.1 Types of Dispatcher Control/Monitoring ................................................................328 11.1.2 Centralisation of Interlocking Control.....................................................................330 11.1.3 Flexible Allocation of Control Areas .......................................................................330 11.2 Processes in Operation Control.........................................................................331 11.2.1 Information Input and its Viewing ..........................................................................331 11.2.2 Evaluation of Operational Situation........................................................................333 11.2.3 Command Output.................................................................................................334 11.3 Data Transmission in Remote Control Systems................................................335 11.3.1 Types of Communication between CTC and Stations............................................335 11.3.2 Interface between CTC and Relay Interlockings on the Relay Technology..............336 11.3.3 Interface between CTC and Relay Interlockings on the Electronic Technology.......339 11.4 Operator’s Workload...........................................................................................339 11.4.1 Influence of Technology.........................................................................................340 11.4.2 Influence of Size of Infrastructure ..........................................................................340 11.4.3 Influence of Operation Programme........................................................................341 11.4.4 Influence of Moving Vehicles .................................................................................341 11.4.5 Influence of Disturbances......................................................................................342 11.4.6 Results and Conclusions of Calculating Operator’s Workload................................343 11.5 Examples for Operation Control Systems .........................................................343 11.5.1 Centralised Traffic Control in the USA....................................................................343 11.5.2 Operation Control Centres in Germany..................................................................346 11.5.3 Operation Control Centres in Russia .....................................................................349
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